Global Analysis of the Cover-Management Factor for Soil Erosion Modeling

Land use and management practices (LUMPs) play a critical role in regulating soil loss. The cover-management factor (C-factor) Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)-type models is an important parameter for quantifying the effects of LUMPs on erosion. However, accurately determining C-factor, particularly large-scale assessments using USLE-type models, remains challenging. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing comparing methods used C-factor quantification 946 published articles, providing insights into their strengths weaknesses. Through our analysis, we identified six main categories modeling. Many studies have relied empirical values different land-use types or calculated based vegetation indices (VIs) large areas (>100 km2). found that no single method could robustly estimate studies. For small-scale investigations, conducting experiments consulting existing literature proved be more feasible. In context studies, employing VIs can enhance understanding relationship between changes erosion potential, when considering spatial spatiotemporal variations. global scale, recommend combined equations. We suggest further efforts develop datasets at scales synthesizing field-level experiment data combining high-resolution satellite imagery. These will facilitate development effective conservation practices, ensuring sustainable land environmental protection.